Exchange and Ionization Enthalpy of Lanthanoids
Study the trends and explanations for exchange enthalpy and ionization enthalpy among lanthanoids, and how these relate to their electronic structure and chemical behavior.
Why this shows up in the exam
NEET and JEE often test understanding of periodic trends and their underlying causes in the f-block.
How NEET tests this
Practise it
These are real questions from past NEET papers that test this exact idea.
Gadolinium has a low value of third ionisation enthalpy because of
Push further
More challenging4 harder questions built from the past papers above — a step up in difficulty, with distractors designed so you can't get there by elimination. Written and checked by our reviewers, not from a real paper.
Which of the following lanthanoids exhibits an unusually low second ionization enthalpy due to the formation of a stable half-filled 4f subshell?
More from The d- and f-Block Elements
Oxidation States and Redox Behavior
Study the variable oxidation states of d- and f-block elements, their stability, and how these relate to redox reactions and electrode potentials.
Redox Reactions of Permanganate and Dichromate
Master the redox reactions, stoichiometry, and n-factor calculations involving KMnO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ in different media.
Definition and Electronic Configuration of d- and f-Block Elements
Learn what transition (d-block) and inner transition (f-block) elements are, their position in the periodic table, and how to write their electronic configurations, including for ions.
Magnetic Properties of d- and f-Block Elements
Understand how to calculate and compare magnetic moments, relate them to unpaired electrons, and distinguish between paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and ferromagnetic behavior.
Properties and Oxidation States of Lanthanoids and Actinoids
Explore the electronic configurations, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties, and chemical behavior of lanthanoids and actinoids.
Colour of Transition and Inner Transition Metal Ions
Learn why d- and f-block ions and complexes are colored, focusing on d-d and f-f transitions and the role of electronic configuration.