How does a diode turn AC into DC (rectification)?
A diode conducts only when forward-biased, so it passes current in just one direction.
A diode conducts only when forward-biased, so it passes current in just one direction. Fed with AC, it lets the positive half-cycles through and blocks the negative ones — a half-wave rectifier. A bridge of four diodes (full-wave) redirects both halves the same way, giving a bumpy but one-directional output that a capacitor then smooths into steady DC. That's how a phone charger starts converting mains AC.
Key point
A diode conducts one way only, so it clips AC into one-directional (DC) output.
Common mistake
thinking a single diode gives perfectly smooth DC on its own.
Memory tip
diode = one-way valve; add a capacitor to smooth the ripples.
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