What is the difference between EMF and terminal voltage?
EMF is the source's total energy per charge; terminal voltage is the usable voltage after internal-resistance losses.
EMF is the source's total energy per charge; terminal voltage is the usable voltage after internal-resistance losses. A reliable way to keep them apart is to focus on what each one is defined by, not just the similar-sounding words.
Key point
EMF vs terminal voltage
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