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800 most-asked Class 11 & 12 (+1 / +2) questions across Physics, Chemistry, Maths and Biology — each with a model answer and the exact marking-scheme points examiners reward. Revise smart, walk in calm.
MathsClass 113 marksmedium
Statistics
The mean of a data set is 6 and its standard deviation is 2 sqrt2. Find the coefficient of variation.
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Coefficient of variation (CV) = (standard deviation/mean) x 100. Here SD = 2 sqrt2 which is approximately 2.83, and mean = 6. CV = (2.83/6) x 100, which is approximately 47.1 percent. A higher CV indicates greater relative variability.
CV = (SD/mean) x 100
Marking-scheme points
- ✓CV = (SD/mean) x 100
- ✓SD = 2 sqrt2 = 2.83, mean = 6
- ✓CV = (2.83/6) x 100 = about 47.1 percent
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Probability
Two fair dice are thrown together. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers on them is 8.
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When two dice are thrown, the total number of outcomes = 6 x 6 = 36. The outcomes giving a sum of 8 are (2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3) and (6,2), which is 5 favourable outcomes. Probability = 5/36.
P(E) = favourable outcomes / total outcomes
Marking-scheme points
- ✓Total outcomes = 36
- ✓Sum 8: (2,6),(3,5),(4,4),(5,3),(6,2) = 5 outcomes
- ✓P = 5/36
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Probability
One card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that it is a king or a heart.
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Let A = the card is a king and B = the card is a heart. P(A) = 4/52, P(B) = 13/52, and P(A and B) = 1/52 (the king of hearts). By the addition theorem P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) = 4/52 + 13/52 - 1/52 = 16/52 = 4/13.
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
Marking-scheme points
- ✓P(king) = 4/52, P(heart) = 13/52
- ✓P(king and heart) = 1/52
- ✓P(king or heart) = 16/52 = 4/13
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The Living World
List the taxonomic categories in order from the highest to the lowest rank.
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Biological Classification
Name the five kingdoms proposed by Whittaker and state the main criteria used for this classification.
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Biological Classification
State the characteristics of Kingdom Fungi and name its four classes.
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Plant Kingdom
State the characteristics of algae and name their three classes with their main pigments.
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Plant Kingdom
What are gymnosperms? State three characteristics with examples.
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Animal Kingdom
State the main features used as the basis for classification of animals.
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Animal Kingdom
State the main characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda with examples.
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Animal Kingdom
State the three fundamental characteristics of Phylum Chordata.
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Morphology of Flowering Plants
What is placentation? Name and briefly describe any four types.
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Morphology of Flowering Plants
Distinguish between racemose and cymose inflorescence.
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Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Name and briefly describe the three types of simple permanent tissue in plants.
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Anatomy of Flowering Plants
State the functions and components of xylem and phloem.
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Structural Organisation in Animals
What is epithelial tissue? Name the types of simple epithelium with their locations.
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Structural Organisation in Animals
What is connective tissue? Name its main types with one example each.
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Cell: The Unit of Life
State three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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Cell: The Unit of Life
Describe the structure and function of mitochondria. Why is it called the powerhouse of the cell?
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Cell: The Unit of Life
Describe the structure and function of a chloroplast.
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