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The questions your board exam loves to ask

800 most-asked Class 11 & 12 (+1 / +2) questions across Physics, Chemistry, Maths and Biology — each with a model answer and the exact marking-scheme points examiners reward. Revise smart, walk in calm.

800 board questionsModel answersMarking-scheme pointsEvery chapterCBSE · ISC · State boards

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PhysicsClass 115 marksmedium

Motion in a Plane

A projectile is launched with speed u at an angle theta to the horizontal. Derive expressions for its time of flight, maximum height and horizontal range.

Reveal model answer + marking points

Resolve u into ux = u cos(theta) and uy = u sin(theta). Vertical motion has acceleration -g. Time of flight: uy - g(T/2) = 0 at the top, so T = 2u sin(theta)/g. Maximum height: H = uy^2/2g = u^2 sin^2(theta)/2g. Horizontal range: R = ux * T = u cos(theta) * 2u sin(theta)/g = u^2 sin(2 theta)/g. R is maximum when theta = 45 degrees.

T = 2u sin(theta)/g ; H = u^2 sin^2(theta)/2g ; R = u^2 sin(2theta)/g

Marking-scheme points

  • Resolve into horizontal and vertical components
  • T = 2u sin(theta)/g
  • H = u^2 sin^2(theta)/2g
  • R = u^2 sin(2 theta)/g
  • R max at theta = 45 deg
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PhysicsClass 115 markshard

Thermodynamics

Describe the four steps of a Carnot cycle and write the expression for the efficiency of a Carnot engine.

Reveal model answer + marking points

A Carnot cycle has four reversible steps: (1) isothermal expansion at the source temperature T_h (heat Q_h absorbed); (2) adiabatic expansion (temperature falls from T_h to T_c); (3) isothermal compression at the sink temperature T_c (heat Q_c rejected); (4) adiabatic compression (temperature rises from T_c back to T_h). The efficiency is eta = 1 - Q_c/Q_h = 1 - T_c/T_h, where temperatures are in kelvin. Efficiency depends only on the two temperatures and is always less than 1.

eta = 1 - T_c/T_h

Marking-scheme points

  • 4 steps: isothermal exp, adiabatic exp, isothermal comp, adiabatic comp
  • eta = 1 - T_c/T_h
  • T in kelvin; eta < 1 always
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