A typical flower has four whorls: (1) Calyx (sepals) - the outermost green whorl that protects the flower in the bud stage; (2) Corolla (petals) - usually coloured, it attracts pollinators; (3) Androecium (stamens) - the male reproductive whorl producing pollen; and (4) Gynoecium (carpels/pistil) - the female reproductive whorl containing ovules that develop into seeds after fertilisation.

An inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis. In a racemose inflorescence, the main axis continues to grow (it has unlimited growth) and the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal order (older flowers at the base, younger towards the tip), e.g. radish. In a cymose inflorescence, the main axis ends in a flower and so has limited growth, and the flowers are borne in a basipetal order (older flowers at the top or centre), e.g. Jasmine.

Venation is the arrangement of veins and veinlets in the lamina of a leaf. In reticulate venation the veinlets form a network, typical of dicot leaves (e.g. mango); in parallel venation the veins run parallel to one another, typical of monocot leaves (e.g. grass). Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch; it may be alternate, opposite or whorled.